In-depth and comprehensive science: Bill Gates, The Climate Economy and the Future of Humanity
2022-09-04
991

This year's high temperatures, which have lasted for more than 60 days, have finally eased after the end of the year. The increased instability of the climate system has been described by United Nations Secretary-General Guterres as a "red alert for all of humanity". Global warming is the climate background of the Northern Hemisphere's frequent heat waves, while atmospheric circulation anomalies are the direct cause of the frequent heat waves in many parts of the world since June.


深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图1)



Carbon Neutral" has been the buzzword for the last two years, and the persistent high temperatures have made us realize the impact of global warming on our lives. This book explains what carbon neutrality is all about.


深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图2)

Douban rating 8.0




Written at the end of 2020 and published in February 21 in the English version, this book hit the bestseller list in the US and Asia as soon as it was published. In this book, Bill Gates expresses the idea that the climate problem will become a human catastrophe if we don't make changes.


The book is written in a smooth and easy-to-read style, starting from the purpose "Why do we need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? What are the possible effects of rising temperatures?" to the goal, "Why must the goal be "zero emissions/carbon neutral"?" , to the solutions, and finally to the implementation plan, Mr. Gates gives a complete picture of the issues.



深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图3)


Environmental protection should traditionally fall into the classic category of "important but not urgent". Such issues are the longest running and most easily ignored. But the fact that governments have agreed on a zero-emissions goal and committed themselves to their responsibilities is in itself a sign that environmental protection is urgent enough to become "important and urgent", otherwise it is hard to imagine large-scale transnational agreements of such complexity and limited short-term gain. This can only be interpreted as a real threat to the very basis of human survival as a species.


深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图4)

Reading the entire book is the equivalent of a close-up view of Mr. Gates' methodology for solving problems, breaking them down and then attacking them individually. Before analyzing the problem, you first need to establish the goal (zero emissions) and the metric (the Green-Premium, which measures the additional cost of getting to zero emissions), after which it's time to start breaking it down.






What is the Green Premium - click to play


The 51 billion tons of CO2 emissions per year globally can be divided into five main categories: raw material production (including cement, steel, plastics, etc. accounting for 31%), power generation (including coal, natural gas, hydro, etc. accounting for 27%), agriculture (including livestock, plantation, forestry, etc. accounting for 19%), transportation and logistics (including passenger cars, trucks, shipping, marine, etc. accounting for 16%), and daily living (including heating, cooling, etc. (7%). Bill Gates spends five chapters analyzing the current situation, core difficulties, solution ideas, and corresponding green premiums for each broad category. This is a solid and effective way of thinking about why "carbon neutrality" is possible.



深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图5)


As one of the most successful businessmen on the planet, Mr. Gates uses an economic framework of thinking, i.e., looking at things from the perspective of "supply and demand" and "market". Unlike many extreme environmentalists, Mr. Gates is not naive enough to expect people to sacrifice their quality of life for the sake of environmental concepts, but instead emphasizes many times in his book that people's desire and pursuit of a higher quality of life is perfectly reasonable and legitimate, and is worth encouraging. Therefore, instead of narrowly blaming these demands, consideration should be given to how to better utilize the new market to create a greater impetus for innovation. This is a very pragmatic attitude, and one that deserves respect and praise. Carbon neutrality is possible.


深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图6)



As an entrepreneur in the technology industry and an investor, Mr. Gates is a great believer in the power of technology. In his book, he focuses on a variety of cutting-edge technology ideas and possible prospects. Also when confronted with a new tech business seeking financing, he asks five questions, including:


1. How Much of the 51 Billion Tons Are We Talking About?

2. What's Your Plan for Cement? Is it comprehensive?)

3. How Much Powerdoes it take?

4. How Much Space Do You Need?

5. How Much Is This Going to Cost?



Bill Gates' logical and clear solution to the climate problem is well worth reading and thinking about. The logical rigor is manifested in the basis and evidence of the climate problem (i.e., whether or not an increase in the earth's temperature will lead to all kinds of irreversible catastrophes), and Gates has accessed a lot of information, traveled to a lot of countries, and also communicated and exchanged a lot of information with many leaders of the countries in the public occasions, which has formed a valuable experience.



深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图7)

The clarity of the idea is mainly manifested in the fact that the solution idea and detailed methods of solution are clearly indicated in the program. The reduction of carbon equivalent from 51 billion tons to zero is achieved through innovation, creativity, scientific research and high-tech breakthroughs.

深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图8)


NABO nano floor heating is a solution to these problems. In the carbon emission ratio mentioned above, the heating of daily life occupies a certain proportion, which is an important part in reducing carbon emission. Traditional heating methods such as centralized heating in the north and gas-fired water heating in the south use coal or natural gas as the energy source, both of which produce large amounts of carbon emissions.


深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图9)


With the active reform of the national power system, hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic and other renewable energy sources will dominate, the use of these renewable clean energy, whether for heating or power supply, are the perfect solution to the energy in the production and use of carbon emissions in the process. On this basis and then "electricity for heat", clean energy + electricity heating will make the carbon reduction exponential rise, we can see, power generation and heating both complement each other and constraints on the relationship between the two, to change the traditional heating method is imperative.

深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图10)


Traditional water heating using gas to boil water and then water to bring the heat to the room, is the whole house water circulation, although there is also a water distributor design, but the controllable temperature adjustment range is small, the heat loss is large, turn off the time to heat up slower, so the general water heating to the entire heating season to turn on the whole process, a waste of energy.

深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图11)

(Infrared heat production, foot temperature top cool)


NABO nano floor heating is the use of highly efficient far-infrared rays to heat, infrared rays do not heat the air, the heat can be locked in the human body activities near the ground range, and thus achieve the purpose of energy efficient. At the same time, NABO nano floor heating adopts a separate circuit, each space can be independently switched on and off, fast warming can be used immediately, can also be turned on and off remotely through the APP, no one indoors can be low-power thermal insulation, go home 2 hours in advance to turn on, so as to achieve "behavioral energy saving".

深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图12)


 

(Nano floor heating T-type wiring harness thermostat)


From the perspective of late maintenance, for a long time buried in the ground for the product, the traditional water heating PVC pipe national standard requirements can be used for 50 years, according to the different water quality in various regions, high temperature state of calcium and magnesium ions in the water will form scale, adhering to the inner wall of the pipeline, the general need for 2-3 years to do a pipeline maintenance, while preventing leakage; in addition, the boiler is usually guaranteed for 2 years, 8-10 years required mandatory scrapping.



深入浅出的全面科普:比尔盖茨《气候经济与人类未来》(图13)

NABO nano floor heating will undergo severe high temperature, acid and alkali resistance test before leaving the factory, enjoy 10-year warranty, and ensure 50 years of non-decaying power under normal use, so except for the thermostat panel, there is no need for maintenance in the later stage, which can be done once and for all.



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